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Physical & Motor Development
Physical Health & Well-Being
WiseTip: PM-PHL-M0009-G01B

Observe your baby’s cries and respond appropriately depending on the type of cry, for example, hungry (needs feeding), tired (needs to sleep), in discomfort (needs a diaper change, is teething or has a tummyache).

0-9 months
Caregiving
WHY IT MATTERS

Early experiences of being cared for by responsive adults and opportunities to observe and interact with others are critical for developing trust, empathy, cooperation, and self-control in children. It is challenging work because of the high dependence of infants and toddlers on adults and the variability in their development.

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  1. Margetts, K. (2005). RESPONSIVE CAREGIVING: REDUCING THE STRESS IN INFANT TODDLER CARE. (Undetermined). International Journal of Early Childhood, 37(2), 77–84.

Swaddling promotes quiet sleep and may be a useful strategy to encourage safe sleep practices in infants. Researchers explored the effect of a swaddling education intervention on infant sleep practices in an urban minority community.

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  1. Kelly, B., Irigoyen, M., Pomerantz, S., Mondesir, M., & Isaza-Brando, N. (2017). Swaddling and Infant Sleeping Practices. Journal of Community Health, 42(1), 10–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-016-0219-1

Tuning in to the uniqueness of a child's individuality during diapering by responding with sensitivity and encouragement in an unhurried manner sends a powerful message to children about their bodily functions.

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  1. Laurin, D. E. (2018). One Diaper at a Time: Re-Envisioning Diapering Routines With Infants and Toddlers. Zero to Three, 39(2), 11–20.

Researchers found that among the infants of 6, 9 and 12 months of age, four dietary patterns were established from 6 to 12 months.

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  1. Lim, G. H., Toh, J. Y., Aris, I. M., Chia, A. R., Han, W. M., Saw, S. M., Godfrey, K. M., Gluckman, P. D., Chong, Y. S., Yap, F., Lee, Y. S., Kramer, M. S., & Chong, M. F. (2016). Dietary Pattern Trajectories from 6 to 12 Months of Age in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Cohort. Nutrients, 8(6), 365. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8060365
The patterns consisted of Predominantly Breastmilk (mainly breastmilk and less formula milk), Guidelines (rice porridge, vegetables, fruits and low-fat fish and meat), Easy-to-prepare foods (infant cereals, juices, cakes and biscuits), and Noodles (in soup) and Seafood (noodle and common accompaniments). This study is based on the GUSTO mother-offspring cohort.